Is Depression in Our DNA?
The Genetics of Mental Health and Illness
Introduction
Depression is characterized by low energy, deteriorating interest in usual activities, and a general sense of negative affect or “sadness.” Depression can present as feelings of powerlessness, worthlessness, and hopelessness, and can adversely affect one’s relationships, professional life, and general well-being. One can also present with varying symptoms such as withdrawal or anger, or insomnia or hypersomnia, depending on other factors.
The term “depression” covers a broad array of mental disorders and conditions, including Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Dysthymia, among others. Unique expressions of depression include Perinatal Depression and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. Generally, however, most forms of depression are episodic, occurring in rhythms of approximately a few weeks to several months (American Psychiatric Association, World Health Organization).
Depression is not only a leading cause of disability worldwide, but far more common than one may expect, with up to 3.8% of the global population experiencing depression. Far from a merely “mental” or “emotional” state, depression can negatively impact one’s physical health through fluctuations in neurotransmitters such as serotonin and cortisol, leading to…
